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• Music Streaming System Design: Build an App Like SpotifySystem design · A plain-English guide to music streaming system design: the catalogue, fast playback, offline downloads and play counting, shown on one running example of a Bengali and Hindi music app.27 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Parent Document Retrieval: Search Small, Return Big ContextAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to parent document and multi-representation retrieval, from search keys to parent stores, built on one running appliance-manual support search.22 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Plan-and-Execute vs ReAct Agents: Plan First or Step by StepAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to plan and execute agents vs ReAct agents: speed, token cost, replanning and prompt-injection safety, shown on one running example of a multi-city trip planner.23 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Prompt Versioning: Testing, Releases and RollbackAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to prompt versioning: storing prompts like code, testing every change in CI, staged rollouts and fast rollback, built on one running telemedicine example.23 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Keeping a RAG Index Fresh: Updates, Deletes and Re-indexingAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to keeping a RAG index fresh through updates, deletes and full re-indexing, shown on one running example of a hospital HR policy assistant.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Design a Ride-Hailing Map Frontend: Live Locations, Less BatteryFrontend · A plain-English guide to designing a real-time map frontend for a ride-hailing app: GPS send rules, live connections, smooth markers and battery care, shown on one running example of an auto-rickshaw booking service.28 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Recommendation System Design: Candidate Generation and RankingAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to recommendation system design, from candidate generation and ranking to re-ranking, labels, serving, evaluation and feedback loops, built on one running video-streaming example.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Reflection Pattern: Making AI Agents Check Their Own WorkAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to the reflection pattern: how an AI drafts, critiques and revises its own work, shown on one running example of a complaint and RTI letter drafting app.20 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• How Facebook Scaled Memcache: Leases, Regions, InvalidationsSystem design · A plain-English guide to scaling memcache the way Facebook did: leases, a commit-log delete pipeline, Gutter servers and remote markers, shown on one running example of a two-region social app.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Design Search Ranking for a Rental AppAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to search ranking system design: candidates, booking labels, position bias, NDCG and A/B tests, shown on one running example of a Bengaluru rental app.28 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Self-Hosting LLMs: Serving, Batching and GPU AutoscalingAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to self-hosting LLMs: when owning GPUs beats paying per token, and how batching and GPU autoscaling work, built on one running legal-tech example.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Semantic Routing: Sending Queries to the Right SourceAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to semantic routing: how a support bot sends each question to an FAQ, a SQL database or documents, shown on one running example of a gym chain's support bot.24 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Serverless Trade-Offs: Cold Starts, Limits and Cost CurvesBackend · A plain-English guide to serverless trade-offs: cold starts, platform limits and the cost curve against always-on servers, shown on one running example of a GST invoice service.19 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Sharded Counters: Counting Likes at ScaleSystem design · A plain-English guide to sharded counters, which split one hot like count into many small counters, built on one running example of a short-video app.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Design a Multi-Agent Shipment Rerouting SystemAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to shipment rerouting AI system design: agents that spot road closures, a route solver for exact numbers, human approval and undo steps, shown on one running example of a road-freight operator in Nagpur.28 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• SOLID Principles Explained: One Java Codebase, Five RulesSystem design · A plain-English guide to the five SOLID principles: what each rule means, the smell it fixes and when to skip it, shown on one running example of a bill-splitting app for flatmates.28 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Speech Recognition System Design: Hinglish Call TranscriptsAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to speech recognition system design: the ASR pipeline, Hinglish code-switching, word error rate, GPU sizing and masking card numbers, shown on one running example of call-centre recordings turned into searchable transcripts.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Rendering Patterns Explained: When to Use CSR, SSR, SSG and ISRFrontend · A plain-English guide to CSR, SSR, SSG and ISR: where each one builds the HTML and which pages need which, shown on one running example of an online shoe store.27 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Design a Stock Trading App: Order Matching and Market DataSystem design · A plain-English guide to stock trading system design: order matching, crash-safe engines, market data and pre-trade checks, shown on one running example of a broker app.26 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Synthetic Data for LLM Evaluation: Test Without Real CustomersAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to building synthetic test data for LLM evaluation, so you can find edge cases without copying real customer data, shown on one running example of a health insurance claims chatbot.27 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• System Design Interview Levels: Junior vs Senior vs StaffInterview prep · A plain-English guide to how junior, senior and staff answers differ in a system design interview, built on one live order tracking question answered three ways.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Common System Design Interview Mistakes and How to Fix ThemInterview prep · A plain-English guide to the mistakes that sink strong candidates in system design interviews, and how to fix each one, shown on one running mock interview for a concert ticket booking system.25 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Transaction Isolation Levels: From Dirty Reads to Write SkewSystem design · A plain-English guide to transaction isolation levels and the anomalies each one allows, from dirty reads to write skew, built on one running hall booking example.24 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026
• Two-Tower Models: Retrieval Then RankingAI and GenAI · A plain-English guide to the two tower model, the retrieval step behind many large recommenders, built on one running handicrafts marketplace example from Kochi.23 min read · Updated 21 Oct 2026